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Whether it is the special situation of this year's epidemic or normal life, hand hygiene has been repeatedly emphasized. In foreign countries, many people would rather wash their hands more than wear a mask. Although this is a wrong concept, it can also be seen The importance of hand hygiene has conveyed to everyone that hand disinfection is one of the most important and easiest measures to eliminate germs and bacteria. Especially during this epidemic, simple hand washing cannot completely remove pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to use a suitable hand sanitizer for thorough disinfection, and carbomer is an important component of hand sanitizer gel. The ingredients in conventional hand sanitizer gels include: ethanol, n-propanol, dichlorophenoxychlorophene, deionized water, thickeners, neutralizers, etc. Among them, the important thickener raw material is carbomer. The hand sanitizer gel is generally a weak acid formula, which is close to the pH value of the skin, which can effectively protect the skin of the hands; it is made of carbomer into a gel, which is easy to use and feels good after use. Refreshing and not sticky. In addition, the antibacterial effect of the disposable disinfectant gel hand sanitizer lasts for a long time, and the effect can even last for 4-5 hours to moisturize and care for the skin of the hands. For young people who are inconvenient to wash their hands with running water at all times, it is not good news Too much. The biggest feature of carbomer is that because of its special molecular structure, it can absorb water 400 to 500 times its own weight. As the polymer swells, the viscosity of the system increases, which can turn the liquid into a gel, and then achieve Thickening, suspending and stabilizing effects, these special properties also make it difficult to have substitutes for carbomer. The outbreak of the epidemic has brought the no-clean disinfectant gel hand sanitizer into thousands of families. Its formula is mild and does not irritate the skin. It can effectively and completely remove oil stains while quickly replenishing the moisture lost by the skin due to dryness. , prevent chapped hands, make hands smooth and clean, and directly liberate most hands that do not want to touch running water. Such a convenient disinfection method is very popular among people.

In early January 2021, the National Health and Medical Commission listed sodium hyaluronate (also known as hyaluronic acid, HA) as a new food raw material for the first time. The scope of use is milk and dairy products, beverages, alcohol, cocoa products, chocolate and chocolate products (including cocoa butter substitute chocolate and products), as well as candy, frozen drinks, excluding baby food. Hyaluronic acid has been recognized as a food raw material in many countries or regions. China's oral beauty and health care industry has entered a stage of rapid development Hyaluronic acid, scientific name hyaluronic acid (Hyaluronic Acid), abbreviated as HA, is a kind of macromolecular mucopolysaccharide naturally present in the human body, widely present in joint cavity, skin, vitreous body, cartilage, umbilical cord and other tissues. 1g of hyaluronic acid can bind 1000 times its own weight in water. HA has various physiological functions, including water retention, lubricity, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound repair, viscoelasticity, etc. Its unique properties and functions make it widely used in many fields such as food, cosmetics, ophthalmology and orthopedics. About 50% of the hyaluronic acid in the human body exists in the skin, which creates a filling water and environment in the dermis, promotes the synthesis of collagen and elastin, and makes the skin full of elasticity. The content of hyaluronic acid in the skin directly affects the water content of the skin and degree of aging. The content of hyaluronic acid in the human body gradually decreases with age, and at the age of 30, 50, and 60, it will drop to 65%, 45%, and 25% of the 20-year-old, respectively. Decreased hyaluronic acid can lead to arthritis, skin aging, increased wrinkles, dizziness, and many other problems. Compared with external application and medical beauty injection, oral hyaluronic acid is milder in principle and mechanism of action, stable and sustainable, and is a safer and more cost-effective supplement. As an acidic mucopolysaccharide, hyaluronic acid has an irreplaceable role in living organisms, and is an indispensable and important substance for the human body. It is mainly produced by microbial fermentation method, which has high yield and low cost, and the yield is not limited by raw materials. Human oral hyaluronic acid has the effect of beautifying the skin and delaying aging. The content of hyaluronic acid in the human body decreases with age, so it is very necessary to supplement exogenous hyaluronic acid after the age of 25. Generally, meat such as animal skin and chicken comb can provide some hyaluronic acid, but the amount of hyaluronic acid is limited. Rarely, the human body can also synthesize part of hyaluronic acid, but the mechanism is unclear. It is said that zinc can stimulate the synthesis of hyaluronic acid in the body, but there is no data. Human oral hyaluronic acid can increase the precursor of hyaluronic acid synthesis in the body, and mouse administration experiments have shown that oral hyaluronic acid can indeed increase the content of hyaluronic acid in the body. The main physiological function of hyaluronic acid: it is the main component of the intercellular and extracellular matrix, and maintains the normal structure and function of cells. 1 Water retention There are a large number of negatively charged carboxyl groups and polar groups on the surface of HA molecules, which are firmly locked after combining with water molecules through hydrogen bonds. 2 Lubrication HA is the main component of the synovial fluid in the joint cavity of the organism, and its good viscoelasticity and lubricity can reduce the pressure and wear of the joints when the body moves. Experiments show that HA cooperates with peptide and glycopeptide complexes in synovial fluid to exert lubricating effects. 3 Healing wounds The proven wound healing effects of HA are as follows: (1) the clot composed of fibrin plays a structural function in the wound healing process; (2) promotes the phagocytic activity of granulocytes and regulates the inflammatory response; (3) local degradation produces The low Mr HA can promote angiogenesis. 4 Multiple effects on cells It is known that HA can protect cells, affect cell movement, proliferation and differentiation, and affect cell phagocytosis.

Sialic acid, also known as sialic acid, is a group of neuraminic acid derivatives. It is a ubiquitous substance in the biological world and widely exists in vertebrates, mammals and various plant tissues. Next, let the small Let's take a detailed look at the role of bird's nest acid. The role of sialic acid? 1. Intellectual development "brain gold" Sialic acid can promote the development of memory and intelligence. Bird's nest acid improves the reaction speed of brain nerve cell synapses through the interaction with brain cell membranes and synapses, and promotes the development of memory and intelligence. A group of scientists from New Zealand conducted a set of experiments to confirm the role of bird's nest acid in children's intellectual development important role. Later, experiments concluded that supplementation of ornithine in infants can increase the concentration of ornithine in the brain, thereby improving the learning ability of the brain. 2. Improve the intestinal absorption capacity According to the simple physical phenomenon of opposite sex attraction, the positively charged minerals and some vitamins that enter the intestinal tract are easily combined with the extremely negatively charged sialic acid, and the intestinal tract The ability to absorb vitamins and minerals is enhanced. 3. Promote the key role of sialic acid on intestinal cell membrane proteins in improving cell recognition ability, cholera toxin, preventing pathological E. coli infection, and regulating blood protein half-life. 4. Improving bird's nest acid can improve the human body, especially children. 5. Sialic acid has a protective and stabilizing effect on cells. A deficiency of sialic acid leads to a decrease in blood cell longevity and glycoproteins in the metabolism. Do you think ornithic acid is actually a pretty amazing substance? Bird`s nest acid is particularly good for children`s intellectual development. Studies have found that in many high-intelligence nerve membranes, the detection of bird`s nest acid is several times higher than that of ordinary people. It can be seen from this that if the baby can absorb enough bird`s nest before the age of 3 The bird's nest acid, the baby's brain development, intellectual growth is very good. Sialic acid, also known as sialic acid, is a group of neuraminic acid derivatives. It is a ubiquitous substance in the biological world and widely exists in vertebrates, mammals and various plant tissues. Next, let the small Let's take a detailed look at the role of bird's nest acid. The role of bird's nest acid in milk powder? 1. Sialic acid can resist the identification in milk powder and improve the intestinal absorption of vitamins and minerals. The sialic acid at the end of the sugar chain can be used as a recognition point between molecules and cells, cells and cells, cells and the outside world, and can also cover up recognition points .The strong negative charge of bird's nest acid makes red blood cells and other cells repel each other and avoids meaningless cell interactions in blood circulation. According to the principle of attraction of opposites, positively charged minerals enter the intestinal tract (such as Ca2 ) and some vitamins ( Such as B12, etc.) are easily combined with N-acetylneuraminic acid with a strong negative charge. Therefore, bird's nest acid can improve the intestinal absorption of minerals and vitamins, and supplementing bird's nest acid can improve the body's absorption of nutrients Level. 2. Babies' immune systems are immature and they are more likely to get sick than adults. If bird's nest acid is added to milk powder, it can promote the maturation of the baby's intestinal tract and promote the development of the baby's immune system; if active probiotics are naturally added to milk powder, they are more active, which can improve the intestinal tract and allow the baby to absorb various nutrients more comfortably ,grow healthy. 3. The role of bird's nest acid in milk powder is mainly helpful for brain development, enhancement and anti-virus. Bird's nest acid is also called sialic acid, which is a 9-carbon monosaccharide derivative and is also a part of the brain, which can help children's brain and retina Development. Bird's nest acid is an essential nutrient for the human body. After ingestion, it can effectively strengthen the body's immune system, resist free radicals, and delay skin aging. And bird's nest acid also has certain antiviral effects, which can prevent colds.

The difference between hyaluronic acid and sodium hyaluronate is that the substance is different, hyaluronic acid is an acid, and sodium hyaluronate is a salt. Moreover, their functions and application additions are also different, and the structure inside is also different. Difference Between Hyaluronic Acid and Sodium Hyaluronate: 1. Chemical structure Hyaluronic acid, also known as hyaluronic acid, is an acidic mucopolysaccharide. Hyaluronic acid = hyaluronic acid = hyaluronic acid, and sodium hyaluronate is a salt. Sodium-containing is more stable, sodium hyaluronate = sodium hyaluronate. 2. Add application Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt form of hyaluronic acid, and hyaluronic acid generally exists in the form of sodium salt in applications. Therefore, sodium hyaluronate is basically added in cosmetics on the market. 3. Function Hyaluronic acid shows a variety of important physiological functions in the body with its unique molecular structure and physicochemical properties, such as lubricating joints, regulating the permeability of blood vessel walls, regulating proteins, water and electrolyte diffusion and operation, and promoting wound healing, etc. Sodium hyaluronate is an enzyme that can hydrolyze hyaluronate. It can temporarily reduce the viscosity of the intercellular substance in the human body, and can promote the leakage of subcutaneous infusion and local accumulation. The fluid or blood accelerates the diffusion and facilitates absorption, and is an important drug diffusing agent.

Bird's nest acid (also called sialic acid, SA for short), chemically called "N-acetylneuraminic acid", is the main biologically active ingredient in traditional Chinese food bird's nest. The editor discovered a very important formula ingredient of milk powder - -Bird's Nest Acid. How important is this ingredient? I'll reveal it to you right away! How important is bird's nest acid in milk powder? 1. "Brain Gold" for intellectual development Bird's nest acid can improve the response speed of brain nerve cell synapses by interacting with brain cell membranes and synapses, thereby promoting the development of memory and intelligence. 2. Improve human physiological function Studies have shown that bird's nest acid participates in various physiological functions on the surface of cells, and plays a very important role in regulating the physiological and biochemical functions of the human body. It can correct children's partial eclipse and improve the human body, especially children. 3. Improve intestinal absorption capacity According to the simple physical phenomenon of attraction of opposite sexes, positively charged minerals and some vitamins entering the intestinal tract are easily combined with strongly negatively charged bird's nest acid, so the intestinal absorption of vitamins and minerals The ability is enhanced from it. 4. Promotes intestinal tract Bird's nest acid on cell membrane proteins plays a key role in improving cell recognition ability, cholera toxin, preventing pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, and regulating the half-life of blood proteins. 5. Protect and stabilize cells Deficiency of bird's nest acid can lead to decreased blood cell lifespan and glycoproteins in metabolism. The benefits of eating bird's nest acid? 1. Because the baby is not breastfed at birth, it requires 20% less bird's nest acid than breastfeeding. Therefore, the longer the breastfeeding time, the higher the child's intellectual development level. Therefore, the scientists concluded that, Supplementation in animals: Bird's nest acid can improve the learning ability of the brain. 2. "Bird's nest has the functions of supplementing life energy, nourishing the stomach and strengthening the spleen. It is rich in active and high-quality nutrients. It can provide the nutrients needed for the physiological and biochemical functions of the human body for adolescents who have been in adolescence for a long time. Create a good body. For further study pressure partial eclipse. 3. Children who are picky eaters can eat bird's nest to enhance their physique and improve the digestion and absorption of the gastrointestinal tract. Continuous consumption will help children exercise their brains and enhance their body resistance. 4. Teenagers who eat bird's nest for a long time can not only improve their intelligence, but also enhance their resistance and make their bodies stronger. Bird's nest has a great impact on the development of children's bodies.

Bird's nest acid, also known as sialic acid, is a derivative of a group of neuraminic acids. It is a ubiquitous substance in the biological world and widely exists in vertebrates, mammals and various plant tissues. Next, let the small Let us take you to understand the effect of bird's nest acid in detail. What is bird's nest acid? The source and form of bird's nest acid The scientific name of bird's nest acid, also known as sialic acid, is the main biologically active ingredient in bird's nest, a traditional Chinese rare food, and is also an important component in breast milk for the development of the infant's early brain and the improvement of the immune system. one part. A large number of scientific studies have found that the content of bird's nest acid in colostrum and its biological function is 20 times that of other cells. The role of bird's nest acid? 1. "Brain Gold" for intellectual development Bird's nest acid can promote the development of memory and intelligence. Through the interaction with brain cell membranes and synapses, bird's nest acid improves the response speed of brain nerve cell synapses, thereby promoting the development of memory and intelligence. A group of scientists in New Zealand once did A group of experiments confirmed the important role of bird's nest acid in the development of children's intelligence. After the experiment, it was concluded that supplementing bird's nest acid in infants and young children can increase the concentration of bird's nest acid in the brain, thereby improving the learning ability of the brain. 2. Improve intestinal absorption capacity According to the simple physical phenomenon of attraction of opposite sexes, positively charged minerals and some vitamins entering the intestinal tract are easily combined with strongly negatively charged bird's nest acid, then the intestinal The ability to absorb vitamins and minerals is enhanced. 3. The promotion of bird's nest acid on intestinal cell membrane proteins plays a key role in improving cell recognition ability, cholera toxin, preventing pathogenic E. coli infection, and regulating the half-life of blood proteins. 4. Increasing bird's nest acid can improve the human body, especially children. 5. Bird's nest acid has a protective and stabilizing effect on cells. The lack of sialic acid can lead to the reduction of blood cell lifespan and glycoprotein in metabolism. Seeing this, do you think bird's nest acid is actually a very magical substance? Bird's nest acid is good for children The mental development is particularly good. Studies have found that in the nerve membranes of many people with high IQs, bird's nest acid is detected at times higher than the average number. It can be seen from this that if the baby can absorb a sufficient amount of bird's nest before the age of 3. Bird's nest acid is very good for the baby's brain development and intellectual growth.

Amino acids are the products of protein breakdown in the body. There are 20 kinds of amino acids in the human body, of which 8 are essential amino acids that need to be obtained from food. The branched-chain amino acids are three of the eight essential amino acids, namely leucine, isoleucine and valine. They are so named because of the branching structure on the side chain. Branched-chain amino acids also have a "tall" name, BCAA, which is actually the English abbreviation of branched-chain amino acids~ Most amino acids are catabolized in the liver, while branched-chain amino acids are metabolized in skeletal muscle tissue, and are amino acids that are oxidized for energy in muscle tissue. The key enzyme activity of branched-chain amino acid metabolism in muscle is strong, which makes branched-chain amino acid metabolism in muscle extremely fast. The branched-chain amino acid metabolism small molecules produced by metabolism not only act on skeletal muscle itself, but also participate in the homeostasis regulation of adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, liver and other tissues. Compared with other amino acids, these three branched-chain amino acids can be transaminated and completely oxidized at a relatively fast rate, and the efficiency of their oxidation to generate ATP is also higher than that of other amino acids, per molecule of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Complete oxidation, yielding 42, 43, and 32 molecules of ATP, respectively. During exercise, branched-chain amino acids are oxidized for energy and become an important source of energy for muscles. The decomposition of branched-chain amino acids in muscles is extremely active, and the process of transamination and oxidation can be completed quickly, and the efficiency of oxidation to generate ATP is much higher than that of other amino acids. At rest, 14% of the total energy consumption of human skeletal muscle is provided by the oxidation process of branched-chain amino acids. When the body is in a state of exercise, the secretion of hormones that promote catabolism in the body increases, the enzymatic activity of oxidatively decomposing branched-chain amino acids, and the energy of skeletal muscle. The utilization efficiency is improved, so that the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids is further strengthened, and it becomes an important energy source for the body during exercise. The increase of plasma free branched-chain amino acids can improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of the muscles. Timely supplementation of branched-chain amino acids before exercise or during long-term exercise can provide energy supply to the body in time. And the energy supply through branched-chain amino acids can not only avoid the absorption of the liver and be rapidly utilized by the skeletal muscle, but also in the branched-chain amino acids, except for leucine, which is a ketogenic amino acid, the other two amino acids can be used in the process of gluconeogenesis in the liver. Glucose is produced or stored in the form of glycogen, thereby reducing the consumption of glucose and glycogen. From the perspective of energy supply, supplementation of branched-chain amino acids can enhance exercise capacity and prolong exercise time. A sports nutritionist from a provincial sports team also said that in the training of athletes, a certain amount of branched-chain amino acid supplements are usually given before training. If you want to gain muscle, it is generally described as reducing protein decomposition, increasing protein synthesis, and realizing that protein synthesis is greater than decomposition. The three amino acids in branched-chain amino acids have different roles in protein metabolism. Among them, leucine has a greater effect on promoting the synthesis of skeletal muscle protein. First, leucine acts as a substrate for glutamine. Glutamine can not only transport nitrogen, but also be used to synthesize protein, thereby promoting muscle growth. At the same time, leucine can promote protein synthesis through hormone-dependent and hormone-independent pathways. Hormone dependence mainly means that supplementation of branched-chain amino acids can stimulate protein synthesis by promoting the secretion of insulin and IGF-1. Hormone-independent mainly means that leucine promotes protein synthesis by promoting polypeptide chain synthesis, which can increase the level of leucine tRNA, which is a key substance for protein synthesis. In addition, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyric acid (HMβ), a metabolite of leucine, is a regulatory signal for protein synthesis, which can reduce the degree of muscle damage and reduce protein decomposition, and promote a positive nitrogen balance in the body. When we do high-intensity, fast-paced anaerobic exercise in the gym, the duration is short and we get tired quickly. Numerous studies have found that exercise-induced central fatigue is closely related to the metabolism of certain amino acids, especially the metabolism of aromatic amino acids. Both branched-chain amino acids and aromatic group amino acids are transported across the blood-brain barrier by the same carrier, and aromatic group amino acids and branched-chain amino acids compete for binding to the carrier. For example, tryptophan, as an aromatic amino acid, its metabolite serotonin is an important cause of central fatigue. When the intake of branched-chain amino acids increases, it can competitively inhibit the decomposition of tryptophan, thereby achieving the purpose of delaying fatigue. Anaerobic metabolism will produce a large amount of lactic acid, and the accumulation of lactic acid will cause local muscle soreness, affect the muscle contraction ability, and then affect the body's exercise ability. Supplementation of branched-chain amino acids can accelerate the recovery of blood sugar after exercise, prevent the sharp drop in blood sugar level after exercise and inhibit the production of lactic acid, reduce the accumulation of lactic acid in skeletal muscle, and delay the generation of fatigue.

Many people know that vitamins are indispensable to the health of the skin and human body, but they do not understand the cosmetic ingredient list when purchasing and using cosmetics. Many merchants fool their friends through the asymmetry of information, and the people who do it are even more confused. . Some time ago, Huang Gong was always asking about nicotinamide. In fact, nicotinamide is also a vitamin. It is what we call vitamin B3. Just taking this opportunity, Huang Gong added the types and effects of vitamins commonly used in cosmetics. And what is the name of the general cosmetics added to give you a little explanation, so that everyone is not confused. Vitamins are divided into A, B, C, D, etc. Let's start with vitamin A. Vitamin A has a variety of physiological functions such as promoting growth and reproduction, maintaining normal secretion of bones, epithelial tissue, vision and mucosal epithelium. Vitamin A and its analogs have the effect of preventing precancerous lesions. Deficiency manifests as growth retardation, impaired dark adaptation and night blindness. Dry eye disease occurs due to dryness, desquamation, excessive keratinization, and decreased secretion of lacrimal glands in epidermal and mucosal epithelial cells. In severe cases, corneal softening and perforation can lead to blindness. Respiratory epithelial cells become keratinized and lose their cilia, making them less resistant to infection. The recommended intake of vitamin A (RNI) for adults in my country is 800ug retinol active equivalent per day for men and 700ug retinol active equivalent per day for women. Foods rich in vitamin A include livers, egg yolks, and milk powder of poultry and livestock. Carotene can be converted into vitamin A in the mucosa of the small intestine, red-yellow and dark green vegetables, and fruits contain a lot of carotene. Vitamin A is also called retinol. Vitamin A is a skin normalizing regulator and an essential element for the normal regeneration of underlying cells. It can be absorbed through the skin, activate skin cells, promote cell metabolism to produce more collagen, form a thicker epidermis, and improve skin shielding Function. Vitamin A also alters and regulates collagen synthesis: Vitamin A can help keep skin soft and plump, smooth and delicate and prevent skin cancer. Vitamin A can also enhance the immune function of the skin and mucous membranes: Vitamin A is involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins, has the effect of enhancing the skin and mucous membranes, helps to promote the growth of the body, keeps the skin soft, and protects the skin from bacterial infection. Helps to heal burns, dandruff, dry skin. At the same time, vitamin A can improve the stability of cell walls and reduce the damage of air pollutants to the skin. Auxiliary eye adaptation, lack of vitamin A may cause corneal softening or ulcers, dry eyes, prone to vision loss and night blindness. Vitamin A is added to cosmetics and skin care products, and retinol propionate and retinol acetate are generally used as additives. Vitamin A is also widely used in moisturizing, conditioning and anti-aging skin care products. Also great for treating acne and wrinkles. When the human body lacks vitamin A, due to the reduction of glycoprotein synthesis intermediates, the classification of skin cells is accelerated, and the cells reach the skin surface without differentiation and maturity, resulting in abnormal stratum corneum metabolism. The death and shedding of skin tissue cells will clog the pores, and the oil cannot reach the skin surface, resulting in rough skin, dry scaling, and no smoothness, especially the skin of the arms, knees, and buttocks. In the long run, the pores are blocked by the dead cells and enlarged, and the oil Excessive secretion, the formation of black or white comedones acne. Due to less skin oil secretion, dry stratum corneum metabolism is abnormal, barrier function is reduced, and it is prone to allergies and infections. There may also be some ocular symptoms, such as dry conjunctiva, thickened keratinization, and corneal opacity. The above is the lack of vitamin A in human skin and the addition and application of vitamin A in cosmetics.

What is melanin? Melanin is the main factor that determines skin color. The amount of melanin depends on the activity of tyrosinase in melanocytes. Melanocytes can produce melanin, which affects the color of the skin. So how is melanin formed? The melanocytes in the human body are stimulated by the outside world, such as ultraviolet rays in the sun, and tyrosinase is produced, so that the tyrosine contained in our cells is converted into dopa under the action of tyrosinase. After a series of oxidations, Ba forms melanin, which makes our skin dark, so if we want to whiten, we need to inhibit the activity of tyrosinase or prevent the oxidation of dopa, then we need to target To buy whitening products, let`s learn about the specific functions of various whitening ingredients. Ingredient - Niacinamide Niacinamide is the main ingredient of many whitening products. The effect of niacinamide can precipitate melanin, prevent the transfer of melanin from melanocytes to skin keratinocytes, accelerate the metabolism of cells, and accelerate the shedding of melanin keratinocytes, so as to achieve the effect of whitening. At the same time, nicotinamide also has the effect of anti-glycation, which can prevent yellowing of the skin. Studies have confirmed that nicotinamide at a concentration of 2% to 5% has a certain effect on pigmentation caused by ultraviolet rays. ◽ Advantages: It can inhibit melanin, anti-glycation, reduce wrinkles and pore problems caused by skin aging, and combat facial dullness. ◽ Disadvantages: It is irritating to the skin. Before use, the skin needs to establish a certain tolerance. The concentration of niacinamide needs to be higher than 2% to have a whitening effect. The higher the concentration, the stronger the irritation. use. Ingredient - Arbutin Arbutin was first found in bearberry leaves and is the main active component of bearberry leaves. Arbutin is the precursor of hydroquinone. After reaching the cells, it is first degraded into hydroquinone, which inhibits the activity of melanocytes through cytotoxicity. Arbutin can block the formation of melanin by inhibiting tyrosinase to achieve a whitening effect. , Arbutin can also effectively fight against pigmentation, as well as certain bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effects, and has a certain antioxidant effect. Arbutin is divided into α-arbutin and β-arbutin. If there is no special label in the ingredient table, it generally refers to β-arbutin. The price of α-arbutin is also higher and inhibits the production of melanin. The effect is 10-15 times stronger than β-arbutin. ◽ Advantages: α-Arbutin has good safety, whitening effect and stability. ◽ Disadvantages: The reasonable addition amount of arbutin in skin care products is 3%, less than 3% whitening effect is not obvious, more than 3% will cause skin damage. Ingredient - Vitamin C As a commonly used traditional whitening ingredient, vitamin C can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, reduce the formation of melanin and is an antioxidant. However, VC itself is unstable and is easily oxidized and yellowed in the air, so vitamin C derivatives are more commonly used, including vitamin C glycosides, ethyl vitamin C, vitamin C magnesium phosphate, etc. Whitening products on the market, more or less will add vitamin C or its derivatives. Used in cosmetics to scavenge free radicals and delay aging. Because of the instability of vitamin C itself, it is easily affected by the external environment, so cosmetics containing vitamin C are prone to discoloration. ◽ Advantages: Ingredients are safe. ◽ Disadvantages: Higher metering is required when using. Ingredient - Kojic Acid A classic whitening ingredient, kojic acid can inhibit the synthesis of tyrosinase, so it can strongly inhibit the formation of skin melanin, and has the effect of whitening and lightening spots, but it was widely used in the food industry and there is no clear dosage. The resulting skin irritation, the safety of kojic acid was questioned and was once banned. It was not until 2005 that after a series of demonstrations, kojic acid was added to cosmetics again, but it is safe to use it within a certain dosage range. Although the dosage is not clearly specified, it is generally 0.1%-1%. In the meantime, if the concentration exceeds 2%, it will cause skin irritation and cause some allergic reactions. Today, only a small number of niche products will add this ingredient for whitening. ◽ Advantages: Has whitening and blemish reduction effects. ◽ Disadvantages: It needs to be used within a certain dose, otherwise it is easy to irritate the skin. Ingredient - Tranexamic acid Tranexamic acid, also known as tranexamic acid and tranexamic acid, was first used to stop bleeding. As early as 1979, tranexamic acid was found to have a certain effect on the treatment of chloasma, and it was gradually used in the field of whitening. Many toothpastes in the field of daily chemicals also add tranexamic acid to help reduce bleeding gums. For the whitening effect of external application, tranexamic acid is different from the above components. It does not inhibit the production of tyrosinase very well. It can block the diffusion of melanosomes to keratinocytes and achieve the effect of whitening and lightening. ◽ Advantages: The ingredients are relatively mild and will not irritate the skin. The dosage should not exceed 4%, and the irritation will increase. ◽ Disadvantages: The external effect is not significant, mainly for chloasma, not obvious for general pigmentation.

In recent years, the cosmetics industry has set off a wave of peptides, especially in high-end skin care products. This article will introduce some of the application of peptides in skin care products. A peptide is a small molecule protein, also known as a peptide or a polypeptide. Twenty kinds of amino acids exist in nature. A peptide is a polymer formed by dehydration and condensation of two or more amino acids. The carboxyl group of the first amino acid molecule is condensed with the amine group of the second amino acid molecule, and a water molecule is removed to form Covalent peptide bonds are called dipeptides; three amino acids condensed are called tripeptides, and so on. Usually, peptides with less than 10 amino acids are called oligopeptides, those with more amino acids are called polypeptides, and those with more than 50 amino acids are called proteins. Some people also think that amino acid chains without secondary structure are called polypeptides. Regarding the number of amino acids in oligopeptides, polypeptides, and proteins, there is still no uniform definition. There are many kinds of peptides, there are 400 kinds of dipeptides, 8,000 kinds of tripeptides, and so on. The biological activity of a peptide depends on its amino acid composition and sequence. Almost all physiological processes in the human body are regulated by polypeptides or proteins composed of specific amino acid sequences. Therefore, bioactive peptides have become a new direction and idea for the research and development and application of cosmetics, and their functions are becoming more and more subdivided, such as: anti-aging, repairing, anti-oxidation, anti-edema, promoting hair regeneration, inhibiting melanin production, breast enhancement, weight loss, etc. . The skin is the body's natural barrier against external environmental aggression, and has a certain protective effect against external stimuli. This is due to the protective effect of the dense stratum corneum of the skin, but it also blocks the nutrients of cosmetics on the surface of the skin. Only a small amount of macromolecules and fat-soluble substances can be absorbed through pores and sweat pores, and only a small amount of nutrients can penetrate into the dermis through the stratum corneum gap. Therefore, most of the cosmetics we usually use only stay on the surface of the skin. For example, hyaluronic acid (commonly known as hyaluronic acid, HA) can lock in moisture about 1,000 times its own weight, and it can be said that the moisturizing effect is very good. However, even if the molecular size of HA is reduced from 3MDa to 50KD, the short chain of hyaluronic acid is still too large to effectively penetrate into the skin and play a further role. However, as a fragment of protein, peptides can easily pass through the stratum corneum gap and enter the dermis to exert the desired effect. SEDERMA, LIPOTEC, PANTAPHARM (DSM), SYMERISE, Evonik and other foreign companies have successively launched dozens of beauty peptides with different sequences and functions. Vigorously develop beauty active peptides, and the raw materials launched are endless. Due to the variety of beauty peptides, more than 50 kinds of skin care products have been used at present, and domestic and foreign raw material suppliers are still vigorously developing, more and more effective bioactive peptides will be used in cosmetics. . This article makes a simple classification of the mechanism and function of beauty peptides: 1. Inhibit the transmission of nerve signals (botulinum toxin-like peptides): The effect of Botox is to block neuromuscular transmission and relax muscles to reduce dynamic lines and improve wrinkles. The mechanism of these peptides is to inhibit the synthesis of SNARE receptors, inhibit the excessive release of catecholamine and acetylcholine in the skin, and partially block nerve transmission of muscle contraction messages, so it can inhibit muscle contraction and relax facial muscles. This in turn smoothes out dynamic, static and fine lines. Acetyl hexapeptide-3 (also known as Argireline), also known as botulinum toxin, is one of the most widely used peptides. Acetyl hexapeptide-3 (Ac-EEMQRR-NH2), derived from the N-terminal region of SNAP-25, interferes with the assembly of the SNARE ternary complex and inhibits Ca-dependent release of catecholamines from chromium cells. Developed by LIPOTEC and obtained an international patent in 2002, Argireline can partially block nerve transmission of muscle contraction messages, affect nerve conduction in the skin capsule, relax facial muscles, and smooth dynamic, static and fine lines. Current clinical studies have shown that using 10% of Argireline for 30 days can reduce wrinkles by 30%. The efficacy of Argireline is comparable to that of botulinum toxin type A, and it is a biologically safe wrinkle-removing active peptide. SYN-AKE is another bioactive peptide that reduces wrinkles by inhibiting muscle contraction. SYN-AKE acts on the postsynaptic membrane and is a reversible nAChR antagonist. SYN-AKE inhibits muscle contraction by binding to the small subunit of nAChP, competitively inhibiting the receptor for acetylcholine. 2. Signal Peptides Signal peptides have the role of growth factors, and their mechanism of action is mainly to promote the proliferation of collagen, elastic fibers and hyaluronic acid, increase skin moisture content, increase skin thickness and reduce fine lines. Sederma has launched Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3 (Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-3, trade name: Matrixyl, peptide sequence: Pal-KTTKS), which is also one of the most widely used peptides. Numerous reports suggest that KTTKS can stimulate and promote the production of collagen types I and III and fibronectin, thereby increasing skin thickness and reducing fine lines. In order to increase the lipid solubility of KTTKS and the ability to penetrate the skin, Sederma added palmitoyl to become Pal-KTTKS. Later, Sederma and P&G conducted further clinical research on this product, which was later approved by P&G. buyout. 3. Anti-carbonylation, protect collagen from being destroyed and cross-linked by reactive carbonyl species (RCS, reactive carbonyl species). Some anti-carbonylation peptides also scavenge free radicals. Traditional skin care has placed great emphasis on anti-free radicals, and now more and more emphasis is placed on anti-carbonylation; anti-oxidation; anti-glycation. Many research results show that GHK is a strong activator for wound healing, has a high affinity for copper ions, can spontaneously form GHK-Cu, has a stimulating effect on nerve tissue regeneration and angiogenesis, and can stimulate a variety of Synthesis of extracellular stromal components. Fourth, improve microcirculation, strengthen blood circulation, improve eye edema, and eliminate inflammation. Sederma has developed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dipeptide-2 (dipeptide-2) under the trade name Eyeliss. This peptide has an inhibitory effect on ACE. The ACE enzyme inhibitor achieves the inhibitory effect by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, inhibits the contraction of blood vessels, and helps lymphatic drainage, so it has a good improvement effect on the problem of dark circles. 5. Inhibit tyrosinase activity, block the transmission of melanin to the stratum corneum; block the conduction of melanin-stimulating hormone (MSH) and reduce the production of melanin. Nonapeptide-1 (trade name Melanostatine) developed by Atrium Company can antagonize α-MSH (α-melanocyte hormone), thereby inhibiting the formation of melanin. This type of peptide will be used in whitening and freckle-removing products. In addition, peptides with functions such as promoting hair growth, promoting dermal repair, promoting wound healing, breast enhancement, and weight loss have begun to appear on the market, which will not be described in detail here. More and more cosmetic peptides with biological activity are used in cosmetics. With the progress of molecular biology, biochemistry, gene technology, etc., there will be more peptides with new uses and better effects. Peptides have shown a broad prospect in the field of cosmetic applications.

What is vitamin D3? Everyone needs vitamin D, and vitamin D is divided into vitamin D2 and D3. It is recommended to take vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol, also known as the "sunshine vitamin", is a product produced by the skin when it encounters the ultraviolet rays of the sun. The body cannot make vitamin D3 without exposure to sunlight. Daily foods that contain vitamin D3. Why do we need vitamin D3? The recommended intake is vitamin D3 or cholecalciferol. Your body needs vitamin D to absorb calcium and promote bone growth. If we are not exposed to the sun, and the skin is not exposed to the sun, the body cannot make vitamin D3. Sources from vegetables are limited, and not everyone can eat animal/dairy foods for vitamin D3 supplementation, making it difficult to get it. Why is vitamin D3 so amazing? The reason why vitamin D3 is able to show its talents is that it becomes a hormone (chemical messenger) after being activated by the liver and kidney. Once vitamin D3 is activated, it is reborn (transfiguration). Vitamins are just some simple chemical components that act as coenzymes or neutralize free radicals in the body, but hormones are different, and hormones can interact with DNA. There are many receptors on DNA (like a lock), and as long as it is a hormone (like a key), it can communicate with DNA through these receptors, send signals to DNA, and regulate gene expression. Thus affecting thousands of biochemical reactions at the source. There are approximately 30,000 gene segments in the human body, and vitamin D3 can affect the activity of at least 2,776 gene segments. These 2776 gene segment receptors all have vitamin D3 junctions. If vitamin D3 is insufficient, it will cause genetic defects. The child will have congenital problems, so it is necessary for pregnant women to prevent such as miscarriage and premature birth.

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid (Asorbic Acid), the most effective is its left-right-handed optical structure, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is the earliest and most classic whitening ingredient, both internal and external use have whitening effect. However, the unstable structure of vitamin C itself, easy discoloration and limited water solubility, and it cannot be directly absorbed by the skin, which limits its application in cosmetics. However, vitamin C has a strong support group. Today, Xiaobian will introduce those vitamin C derivatives that are "not afraid of light". Vitamin C Glucoside Vitamin C glucoside (AA2G) is one of the whitening additives approved by the Department of Health, and is recognized as the most stable vitamin C derivative. It can not only inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and reduce the formation of melanin, but also restore melanin, relieve the formed melanin and reduce pigmentation, so as to achieve its skin-whitening and brightening skin care effects. VC glucoside can also promote the synthesis of collagen, improve skin wrinkles and rough dry skin and other problems, so that the skin looks plump and translucent. INCI name: ASCORBYL GLUCOSIDE Stability: good photothermal stability, not easy to decompose. Vitamin C ethyl ether It is reported that vitamin C ethyl ether (VCE) is the best vitamin C derivative so far, and it is easily decomposed by biological enzymes after entering the skin to play the role of vitamin C. Moreover, it has a lipophilic and hydrophilic amphiphilic structure, which makes it extremely convenient to use in cosmetic formulations. In addition, this amphiphilicity makes it easier to penetrate the stratum corneum into the dermis, thereby inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase and preventing Cut off the formation of melanin, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, give skin elasticity, repair skin cell activity, and promote collagen production. INCI name: ETHYL ASCORBIC ACID Stability: stable chemical properties, light resistance, heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, not easy to be oxidized by air. Magnesium Vitamin C Phosphate Magnesium Vitamin C Phosphate (MAP) is a tyrosinase inhibitor, which reduces the intermediates of melanin, which can hinder the oxidation chain reaction from tyrosine/dopachrome interconvertase to melanin at various points, with freckle removal Whitening effect, after entering the human body, it can eliminate oxygen free radicals, and can also promote the production of dermal collagen, so it has anti-wrinkle and anti-aging effects. INCI name: MAGNESIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE Stability: Alkali and high temperature resistance, stable in light, heat and air, not easy to change color. Sodium Vitamin C Phosphate Sodium Vitamin C Phosphate (SAP) is a vitamin C derivative with stable physical and chemical properties. After percutaneous absorption, it can effectively resist ultraviolet rays, capture free radicals, and promote collagen production. It has antioxidant and anti-aging properties. effect. And it can effectively prevent pigmentation, help to eliminate skin pigmentation such as freckles and age spots, and achieve its whitening effect. In addition, sodium vitamin C phosphate has a therapeutic effect on facial acne and pimples. INCI name: Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE) Stability: stable chemical properties, not easy to be oxidized, good photothermal stability.

There are quite a lot of "stage names" for blue copper titanium, also called blue copper peptide, copper peptide, three titanium-1 copper, which is a complex of copper and peptide, that is, copper ion ➕ tripeptide-1 ➡ blue copper peptides. When these two elements exist independently, they are very common, and they are not even worth a few dollars. The trace element copper itself exists in our body and participates in the synthesis of many enzymes in the body, which can promote wound healing and reduce inflammation. Therefore, regarding the mechanism of action of blue copper peptide, copper element is the most critical role. However, the human epidermis is lipophilic, and copper ions are hydrophilic components. If copper ions are applied to the surface of the skin alone, it is difficult for free copper ions to enter the skin through external application to take effect. Blue copper peptide has two functions of anti-aging and repairing! repair Copper peptides are best known for their powerful damage repair functions - inhibiting inflammatory factors and repairing DNA. When the skin is emotional: acne, redness, itching, etc., it can be used as a first aid to calm the skin down, and there will be no moths. The repairing effect of blue copper peptide is verified by clinical trials, and its repairing effect was recognized by the FDA as early as 20 or 30 years ago. Anti-Aging The second function of blue copper peptide out of the circle is anti-aging. On the one hand, it promotes the regeneration of collagen and elastin. Both tripeptides and copper ions are ingredients that can stimulate metabolism. The effect on the skin is to promote collagen production, so the skin becomes plumper and firmer. On the other hand, anti-oxidation is also a good hand, which can block the formation of reactive oxygen species and remove various peroxides.

Before whitening products, I have explained several products, including niacinamide, arbutin, tranexamic acid, etc. Today, I will talk about the ingredient VC ethyl ether(3-O-Ethyl-L-ascorbic acid), let's learn together. VC ethyl ether Vitamin C is a strong reducing agent, it has antioxidant properties, lightens the color of melanin, and is a well-known whitening product. However, vitamin C also has its shortcomings that are difficult to overcome. It is not only afraid of light, but also afraid of heat, and even more afraid of oxidation. Once exposed to oxygen, the reducing power will be completely lost. In addition, vitamin C is not all whitening effect. Only L-type vitamin C, that is, L-vitamin C, can be whitened, so vitamin C lotions, beauty serums, nutritional creams, lotions, etc. may have been oxidized before use, thus losing their value. Therefore, in view of the limitations of vitamin C's market application, experts have improved it to make it fully effective. At present, there are two most commonly used methods. One is to make vitamin C into ester-soluble cosmetics, which not only stabilizes vitamin C It can also take advantage of the characteristics of fatty substances that are easy to penetrate into the skin, so that it can enter the skin smoothly. The second is to make vitamin C into magnesium phosphate, because after the magnesium phosphate is absorbed by the skin, it is completely decomposed by the phosphate-decomposing enzymes in the skin to play its role. Vitamin C ethyl ether (VC ethyl ether) is a lipophilic and hydrophilic amphoteric vitamin C derivative, which not only retains the redox effect of vitamin C but also is very stable. It is a lipophilic and hydrophilic amphoteric substance, which not only makes it extremely convenient to use in the formula, but also makes it easy to penetrate the stratum corneum and enter the dermis layer. After entering the skin, it is easily decomposed by biological enzymes to play the role of vitamin C, thereby improving the its bioavailability. VC ethyl ether penetrates the stratum corneum directly to the basal melanocytes, inhibits the activity of tyrosinase, inhibits the formation of melanin, and reduces melanin to colorless, thereby effectively whitening the skin. And VC ethyl ether can directly participate in the synthesis of collagen after entering the dermis to repair the activity of skin cells, increase collagen, so that the skin becomes full and elastic, making the skin delicate and smooth. Vitamin C ethyl ether is by far the best vitamin C derivative - it is not only very stable in chemical properties, it is a true non-color-changing vitamin C derivative, but it is easily decomposed by biological enzymes after entering the skin. The role of vitamin C. Therefore, vitamin C ethyl ether is a good choice for the development of whitening and freckle-removing cosmetics.

Hyperpigmentation refers to the condition in which the localized skin color is darker than the surrounding normal skin color caused by the accumulation of melanin. In daily life, people will have different names for pigmentation, such as sunburn, freckles, acne marks, etc. These are pigmentation. Although there are many reasons for hyperpigmentation, for example, acne marks are post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, which is caused by skin inflammation. So besides skin inflammation, what other reasons can cause hyperpigmentation? 1. Hormones, such as melanocyte estrogen (MSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 2. Systemic and local inflammation (acne, eczema, etc.) 3. Exogenous environmental factors (ultraviolet rays) Ingredients that improve skin pigmentation 1. Hydroquinone Hydroquinone is widely used in cosmetics and over-the-counter drugs, and is also considered to be one of the most effective melanin production inhibitors. It can reduce the activity of tyrosinase by 90%, and by regulating the synthesis of DNA and RNA, Reversible inhibition of cellular metabolism. Reversibility means that after discontinuation, cellular metabolism will return to its original level. Tyrosine hydroquinone is somewhat cytotoxic and is not limited to melanocytes. However, higher doses are required to cause damage to non-melanocytes. In order to ensure safe and effective use, it is recommended to use hydroquinone alternately with another whitening ingredient in a cycle of 3-4 months. The common adverse reaction is contact dermatitis, although the proportion is not high, but if you find that hydroquinone causes contact dermatitis, please stop using it and try other whitening ingredients. 2. Kojic acid Kojic acid inhibits tyrosinase activity and acts as an antioxidant, preventing the conversion of o-benzoquinone to dopa and dopamine, thereby reducing melanin production. After the use of kojic acid, the melanocytes became non-dendritic (non-dendritic structure can reduce the transport of melanin), and the content of melanin decreased. The blended formula with hydroquinone enhances the whitening effect. 3. Azelaic acid Azelaic acid can inhibit mitochondrial oxidoreductase activity and DNA synthesis, as well as reversibly inhibit tyrosinase activity. Its freckle removal function is highly targeted, mainly inhibits highly active melanocytes, and has little effect on normal pigment cells. Also effective for melasma and rosacea. Overall, it is safe to use, suitable for long-term use, and can also be used during pregnancy. The main adverse reactions included tingling, rash, peeling and itching, which subsided after 2-4 weeks of use. 4. Glycolic acid Glycolic acid is extracted from sugar cane and is an alpha hydroxy acid. At low concentrations, glycolic acid can loosen the epidermis and accelerate the cell cycle, thereby accelerating the exfoliation of pigmented keratinocytes to achieve a whitening effect. At high concentrations, epidermolysis is induced. In addition, after the stratum corneum is peeled off, the absorption of other whitening ingredients can be increased, so the whitening effect of the combined formula of hydroquinone and glycolic acid is better than that of single use. 5. Glabridin and Licorice Extract Licorice extract is a commonly used ingredient in skin care products, and licorice is the main ingredient extracted from the root of licorice, which can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase. In addition, licorice extract has certain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which are used to relieve rosacea. It is important to note that these are primarily empirically based applications with some preclinical and in vitro data, not confirmed by any clinical trials. 6. Arbutin Derivatives of hydroquinone, which have the same function as hydroquinone, can inhibit the oxidation reaction of levodopa and tyrosinase activity in melanosomes. Similar to the relationship between A alcohol and A acid, although arbutin is not as effective as hydroquinone, it is far less irritating than hydroquinone. 7. Niacinamide Vitamin B3, the principle is to reduce the transport of melanosomes to keratinocytes. The concentration of nicotinamide used in clinical trials is 4%-5%. 4% niacinamide and hydroquinone, twice daily for 8 weeks, had similar improvement in pigmentation. 8. Vitamin C Magnesium Phosphate (MAP) MAP is a stable derivative of vitamin C, and 10% MAP cream can effectively inhibit melanin synthesis. The principle is that MAP is converted into vitamin C, which inhibits the activity of tyrosinase and melanoma cells, reduces melanin production, and protects the skin from UVB damage. External products require vitamin C to remain stable and to reach a certain concentration (above 10%). 9. Tocopherol Derivatives of vitamin E, like derivatives of vitamin C, can also inhibit the activity of tyrosinase. It can also be used as an antioxidant component and has the effect of repairing photodamage. Tocopherol is now valued by skin care product manufacturers, and tocopherol is also added to some moisturizers and sunscreens. The active ingredients of C E Ferulic, one of SkinCeuticals' products, are vitamin C, E derivatives and ferulic acid. 10. Soybean Extract Soybean contains a variety of bioactive components, including Bowman Birk inhibitor (BBI) and soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI), which are serine protease inhibitors that inhibit the PAR-2 pathway in keratinocytes. Thereby reducing the phagocytosis of melanosomes by keratinocytes, reducing the transfer of melanin, and achieving the effect of depigmentation. This mechanism of action is different from that of hydroquinone, kojic acid or glabridin. It should be noted that only fresh soy milk (for external use) has a certain freckle removal effect, but high temperature soy milk does not. 11. Aloe Vera Extracted from aloe vera, at appropriate concentrations, it can inhibit the synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa. Can be used in combination with arbutin.

Cosmetics is a fashionable and trendy industry, and new ingredients emerge every year, each leading the way for three or five years. Many very popular ingredients are slowly forgotten by people over time. But some ingredients, although the trend has faded, are still standing and are still being used, and these ingredients must have their unique effects. Among the many classic ingredients, kojic acid is one of them. The experience of kojic acid in cosmetic ingredients, like many lives, has gone through ups and downs. From the beginning of the popularity, to falling from the altar, being banned from use, and later being rehabilitated and re-applied, it took decades before and after. Now, the research on kojic acid has been very detailed. Kojic acid can be produced by the fermentation of various substances by Aspergillus (a fungus), and pure kojic acid is mainly produced by the fermentation of glucose. Kojic acid is a small molecular component with a molecular weight of 142.22, which can be directly absorbed through the skin. Kojic acid component alias: 2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxy-γ-pyrone. Kojic acid was first used in food, medicine, agriculture and other fields since its discovery. In the field of food, it can be used as a food additive to keep fresh, antiseptic and antioxidant. Later, some research institutes found that kojic acid has a good whitening effect and can lighten pigmentation. After this application was discovered, kojic acid began to be used as a skin lightening agent and was widely used in whitening and spot lightening products. We know that melanin is the core component that leads to darkening of the skin and the appearance of pigmentation. It inhibits the production of melanin, which can whiten and fade spots. In the process of melanin production, tyrosinase is an essential catalyst. Kojic acid can compete with tyrosinase for copper ions, make tyrosinase inactive, block the production of melanin, and achieve the purpose of whitening and fading. Some friends don't know much about the ingredients. When they see that kojic acid has acid, they immediately associate it with fruit acid. In fact, the whitening mechanisms of kojic acid and AHA are completely different, neither exfoliating the keratinocytes nor thinning the stratum corneum. After years of comparative research and the actual experience of a large number of consumers, it is recognized that "kojic acid" has excellent whitening and lightening effects. Once "hydroquinone", the gold standard for whitening. So that many whitening raw materials are often promoted with the slogan "How many times the effect of inhibiting tyrosinase is kojic acid". Many European and American dermatologists have used 2-4% kojic acid to treat patients with chloasma, and achieved good results. Interested friends can search, whether it is English literature or Chinese literature, there are many discussions on the treatment of chloasma with kojic acid. Regarding the safety of kojic acid, after decades of research, it can basically be concluded that it is safe to use in cosmetics within a limited range, so don't worry. Kojic acid is abandoned by most manufacturers. In addition to the above negative news, there is another important reason, which is stability. Like all whitening products, "kojic acid" is sensitive to light and high temperature, and is easily decomposed and oxidized in these environments. How to make kojic acid products that remain stable during the shelf life without oxidative decomposition is a great challenge for formulators. Kojic acid has relatively high requirements on PH. In an environment with a PH value of 4, it can withstand high temperature challenges. If the PH value of the product exceeds 5, it is easy to oxidize and deteriorate. Therefore, if you use products containing kojic acid during the day, you should do a good job of sun protection to protect the effect of kojic acid on your skin. If it is not used for a long time, it can be stored in the refrigerator to help moisturize the activity of kojic acid and prolong the shelf life.

You may be very familiar with lutein, but you may not know where lutein is extracted. Today, I will introduce marigold lutein. This lutein is generally an ointment. The extraction process is subcritical low temperature extraction process. If the yield of lutein ointment is still relatively high, this method is still relatively good. Now, this process is basically used to extract lutein. In fact, people consume lutein every day, but the human body cannot synthesize lutein by itself, so it is still necessary to supplement lutein every day. Why is lutein consumed? The main thing is light. Short light has certain damage to people, so a lot of lutein is consumed, but it cannot produce lutein, so it needs to be supplemented. What will contain lutein? What contains lutein, in fact, vegetables, flowers, and fruits all contain lutein. This is carotenoid. There are basically hundreds of carotenoids in the world, but there are only more than 20 in the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement lutein to ensure the health of the body. The marigold introduced today is a kind of flower, a kind of plant, which contains a high content of lutein, so many factories now extract leaves from marigold. So, what is the specific process? The first is the harvesting of flowers, the second is enzymatic hydrolysis, then dehydration and drying, granulation, and then the subcritical low-temperature extraction, and finally the lutein extract is produced. Finally, it can be packaged and marketed. This can be called liquid gold. , the price is still relatively high, so many factories are now producing marigold lutein.

Glutathione is widely found in animals and plants, and plays an important role in living organisms, with a high content in baker's yeast, wheat germ and animal liver. Glutathione has the functions of beauty and skin care, whitening and anti-wrinkle, and broad-spectrum detoxification. It can be used not only for beauty and medicine, but also as a base material for functional foods. It is widely used in functional foods such as anti-aging, enhancing immunity, and anti-tumor. application. 1. Skin care and beauty articles of glutathione-remove chloasma and whiten! Through its unique active small molecule structure, glutathione actively operates in the human body in a natural and healthy way. Its nutrients directly act on cells and the human circulatory system, scavenge free radicals, resist the oxidation process, restore cell vitality, and stabilize the dermis. structure, and then achieve the effects of whitening, anti-aging, freckle removal, breast enhancement, wrinkle removal, skin brightening, detoxification and vision enhancement. Because it is rich in antioxidant whitening factors, glutathione is added to the mask and becomes the best-selling glutathione mask. The glutathione mask is also known as the whitening and delicate mask. The whitening and delicate mask is loved and acclaimed by many beauty-loving ladies for its unique whitening ingredients. Glutathione is also an important part of the whitening needle. Glutathione is the most powerful antioxidant in the human body, but its amount is often reduced by daily diet and aging factors. Other antioxidants in the body rely on glutathione for longer-lasting potent effects. Therefore, glutathione has the reputation of "the strongest antioxidant". Beauty function: a variety of brightening essences quickly penetrate into the bottom layer of the skin, fully inhibit free radicals, block the production of melanin, target to repel stubborn whitening problems, remove skin dullness, brighten skin tone, improve skin texture, and restore fairness and clarity to the skin brilliance. 2. the pharmacology of glutathione - treatment of liver disease, eye disease, etc.! Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine. It is a clinical drug for the treatment of liver disease, liver protection, and the treatment of alcoholic liver and fatty liver. Oral preparations. At the same time, this variety also has the effect of treating ophthalmic diseases, such as early senile cataract, corneal ulcer, keratitis, repairing the transparency of cornea or lens, and it is widely used. In recent years, the aging of my country has also promoted the development of the glutathione market. Glutathione's function in cells is also to defend against various toxins and carcinogens. Studies have shown that: glutathione can be completely absorbed in the small intestine, and some epithelial cells can use exogenous glutathione to detoxify. In addition to being an antidote, glutathione can also activate some sulfhydryl enzymes, and can act as an antioxidant to protect enzymes and other protein sulfhydryl groups, and play a certain role in biological oxidation, amino acid transport, and protection of hemoglobin. In addition, glutathione also has the functions of inhibiting aging, preventing diabetes, and eliminating fatigue. Recent studies have also found that glutathione has the effect of inhibiting HIV. Therefore, the study of glutathione is of great significance to human health and life. 3. Food articles of glutathione - preservation and fermentation Glutathione is in great demand in food, feed processing agents, etc., and it is also reflected in some aspects of bread fortification. First, glutathione is a high-quality and efficient nutritional freshness enhancer and flavor enhancer, which has a freshening effect on bread. Second, the glutathione-containing yeast extract has a reducing effect, which can shorten the kneading time of the dough. Even after the kneading is finished, storing it for a certain period of time will not affect the fermentation after thawing, so as to produce good quality products. bread. Use in bread recipes to promote softness and increase bread baking elasticity. In addition, it also has the function of maintaining the original color of the product, which can effectively prevent enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning, and inhibit the production of colored and harmful substances under the heating of amino acids and glucose. Glutathione is in canned fruit to prevent browning of fruit, in dairy products it can effectively prevent non-enzymatic spoilage, keep fresh, and also improve meat flavor.

B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins, which play an indispensable role in maintaining the normal function and metabolic activities of the human body. They are mainly found in foods such as whole grains, animal liver and vegetables. When there is a lack or excess of vitamin B in the human body, it will lead to various diseases, such as insomnia, mental decline, angular stomatitis and so on. In the field of cosmetics, a variety of B vitamins and their derivatives have skin care effects such as whitening and moisturizing, and have been included in the "Catalogue of Cosmetic Raw Materials Used (2021 Edition)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Catalogue"), with cosmetic formulation value and application prospects . This article mainly introduces its functions and applications according to the types of B vitamins. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is mainly found in the outer skin and germ of seeds, such as rice bran and bran, and is also very rich in yeast. Thiamine is a cofactor for many major enzymes involved in energy metabolism in the human body, and its reserves are small in the human body. When the human body is in a state of nutritional deficiencies, alcoholism and septic shock, thiamine deficiency can be secondary. (TD). TD makes the energy metabolism disorder in the human body, which can further lead to Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome, peripheral neuropathy, heart failure, gastrointestinal dysfunction and other diseases. Although there is no thiamine in the "Catalogue", its derivatives are included, including thiamine nitrate, thiamine diphosphate, and thiamine hydrochloride. Vitamin B2 (riboflavin), slightly soluble in water, is stable when heated in neutral or acidic solutions. Riboflavin is a component of the prosthetic group of flavin enzymes in the human body (flavinase plays a role in hydrogen transfer in biological redox). When it is lacking, it will affect the biological oxidation process of the body and cause metabolic obstacles. The lesions are mostly manifested as inflammation of the mouth, eyes and external genitalia, such as angular stomatitis, cheilitis, glossitis, conjunctivitis and scrotal inflammation. "Catalog" has riboflavin, riboflavin sodium phosphate and riboflavin tetraacetate. Vitamin B3 is also known as niacin. Niacin can be converted into niacinamide in vivo. Although both compounds have vitamin functions, niacinamide has less pharmacology and toxicity than niacin. produced during the transformation. Niacin can cause facial flushing, so people with sensitive skin should use it with caution. In addition to the traditional whitening effect, nicotinamide is also used to reduce the generated and precipitated melanin, which can block its transfer to surface cells, accelerate cell metabolism, and accelerate keratinocyte shedding. Niacinamide can also greatly reduce or eliminate wrinkles, peeling, enlarged pores and other skin problems caused by aging or external aggression, reduce the damage of free radicals to the skin, prevent aging, repair the skin and reduce facial dullness. effect. Niacin and Niacinamide are included in the Catalog. Vitamin B4, the old name for adenine, is no longer considered a true vitamin and is no longer a member of the B vitamin group. Adenine is not only one of the important components of DNA and RNA, but also plays an important role in protein synthesis and can also act as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. The Catalog contains adenine. Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), which has moisturizing and anti-aging effects on the skin, can promote normal skin keratinization, promote wound healing, and has anti-inflammatory effects. However, pantothenic acid is unstable to heat, alkali and acid. Panthenol, commonly known as provitamin B5, is an equivalent of pantothenic acid. Panthenol can be converted into pantothenic acid in the human body, and then synthesize coenzyme A, promote the metabolism of human proteins, fats and carbohydrates, protect the mucous membranes and hair luster on the skin surface, prevent The occurrence of disease, the lack of panthenol will lead to skin lesions and physiological disorders. The Catalog contains pantothenic acid and panthenol. Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, exists in the form of phosphate ester in the body. It is a water-soluble vitamin that is easily destroyed by light or alkali, and is not resistant to high temperature. Pyridoxine can regulate the secretion of oil glands and prevent a variety of dermatitis, while reducing the production of dark yellow pigment. The "Catalog" contains pyridoxine, pyridoxine hydrochloride, pyridoxine dioctate, pyridoxine dioctenoate, pyridoxine dipalmitate, and pyridoxine tripalmitate. Vitamin B7 (biotin), also known as vitamin H or coenzyme, is a water-soluble sulfur-containing vitamin necessary for animal growth, and one of the indispensable vitamins in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body. Biotin, as an essential cofactor for carboxylase, plays an important role in maintaining the integrity and soundness of epithelial tissue structure. Biotin is included in the Catalog. Vitamin B9 (folic acid), also known as pteroylglutamic acid, is composed of pteridine, p-aminobenzoic acid and L-glutamic acid. It is slightly soluble in water and exists in green vegetables and fruits, citrus, yeast, liver, etc. Folic acid is an indispensable substance for the production of red blood cells, which can help protein metabolism and is a very important auxiliary component. When used externally, folic acid can activate the skin epidermal cells, promote the maintenance of water and the absorption of nutrients, and can reduce the aging speed of the skin, so as to achieve the purpose of beautifying the skin and rejuvenating the skin. The Catalog contains folic acid. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a complex organic compound containing cobalt and the only vitamin containing metal elements. Its molecular structure is a corrin ring centered on cobalt ions and 5,6-dimethylbenzene. Hemiimidazoles are nucleotides made up of bases. The initial study found that taking whole liver can control the symptoms of pernicious anemia. After 20 years of research, in 1948, researchers isolated a red crystalline substance with the effect of controlling pernicious anemia from the liver and named it vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is the latest B vitamin discovered so far. The "Table of Contents" contains vitamin B12. Vitamin B13, also known as orotic acid, exists in the pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway of mammalian milk and various microbial variants, and is the precursor of pyrimidine synthesis. It is easily absorbed by the skin in W/O or O/W emulsions. The sodium salt of orotate is absorbed more rapidly, and can promote the absorption of other active ingredients. It has the ability to retain moisture significantly, especially for dry skin. . And, combine it with vitamin A, vitamin B12 to prevent skin pigmentation, sun protection and anti-aging; add it to conditioners to help prevent hair loss. Orotic acid has been included in the "Catalog".

Gelatin is made from animal skins and bones through more than a dozen processes such as classification, washing, degreasing, neutralization, hydrolysis, filtration, concentration, gelation, drying, and crushing. Transparent, hard flakes, granules or powders, derived from animal collagen, are a kind of food that is very beneficial to the human body. It has high nutritional value and is conducive to promoting and improving our physical fitness and health. Edible gelatin does not contain cholesterol, it is beneficial and harmless to the human body, and the protein in gelatin is easily digested and absorbed by the human body. It is insoluble in water, can absorb cold water to expand, and can absorb 5~10 times, or even more water , the gelatin after water absorption and swelling can easily become a solution when heated, and it is elastic and can retain a lot of water, and the gel will become a solution after being heated. Edible gelatin can form a reversible gel when it encounters water, similar to but different from agar, algin and pectin. Edible gelatin can form a reversible gel when it encounters water, similar to agar, alginate and pectin, but different from it. However, real gelatin is very little, if you eat hot and sour powder on the street, if it is that kind It is very glutinous, it must have been added with inferior industrial gelatin. If you drink such hot and sour powder, it is equivalent to eating a plastic bag, so good edible gelatin can be eaten with confidence. In order to better prevent the whey precipitation of old yogurt during transportation and storage, manufacturers generally add edible gelatin or pectin, which not only makes the properties of yogurt more stable, but also can be stored for a longer time. Correct use and consumption Gelatin will help us. To understand the essence of edible gelatin correctly, we can't follow what others say.